Obstetric Evidence Based Guidlines 2022 Fourth Edition

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* Same content as the original book
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The knowledge from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and
meta-analyses of RCTs is summarized and easily available for
clinical implementation. Key management points are highlighted
at the beginning of each guideline, and in bold in the text. Relative
risks and 95% confidence intervals from studies are quoted sparingly. Instead, the straight recommendation for care is made
if one intervention is superior to the other, with the percent
improvement often quoted to assess the degree of benefit. If there
is insufficient evidence to compare to interventions or managements, this is clearly stated.
References: Cochrane reviews with 0 RCT are not referenced,
and instead of referencing a meta-analysis with only one RCT, the
actual RCT is usually referenced. RCTs that are already included
in meta-analyses are not referenced, both for brevity and because
they can be easily accessed by reviewing the meta-analysis. If
new RCTs are not included in a meta-analysis, they are obviously referenced. Each reference was reviewed and evaluated for
quality according to a modified method as outlined by the U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force (http://www.ahrq.gov):
I Evidence obtained from at least one properly designed randomized controlled trial.
II-1 Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials
without randomization.
II-2 Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or casecontrol analytic studies, preferably from more than one
center or research group.
II-3 Evidence obtained from multiple time series with or
without the intervention. Dramatic results in uncontrolled experiments could also be regarded as this type
of evidence.
III (Review) Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies, or reports of expert
committees.
These levels are quoted after each reference. For RCTs and
meta-analyses, the number of subjects studied is stated and,
sometimes, more details are provided to aid the reader to understand the study better.